Operators and precedence

This page lists every operator and how tightly it binds.

Binary operator precedence

Precedence climbs from loosest (1) to tightest (10). Higher numbers bind tighter, so a + b * c parses as a + (b * c).

Level	Operators	Meaning
1	.. ..= ||	ranges (exclusive / inclusive), logical OR
2	&&	logical AND
3	== !=	equality
4	< <= > >=	comparison
5	|	bitwise OR
6	^	bitwise XOR
7	&	bitwise AND
8	<< >>	shifts
9	+ -	add, subtract
10	* / %	multiply, divide, remainder

Ranges (0..10, 0..=10) sit at the lowest level, alongside ||. Use them in for i: int in 0..10 and in match arms (400..=499 => ...).

Unary and postfix

• Unary - (negate) and ! (logical not).
• Postfix .field / .method(...), [index], and call (...).
• ? propagates errors on a Result/Option. On err/none it returns up; otherwise it unwraps. See Option and Result.
• as is an explicit numeric cast or upcast: qty as decimal.
• as? is a checked downcast returning an Option. See Interfaces and inheritance.

Postfix, as, as?, and ? bind tighter than the binary operators above.

Assignment

Assignment is a statement, not part of the precedence climb:

=   +=   -=   *=   /=   %=

var n: int = 1
n += 4
n *= 2       // n is now 10

Bracket assignment works on lists, maps, and fixed arrays: xs[i] = v, m[key] = v. List and Map bracket assignment has no compound form (no xs[i] += 1); fixed arrays do support compound element assignment, because their element is a real inline place.

Number and comparison rules

• Fixed-width integer +, -, *, unary -, and the bit operations wrap to the type’s width. Shift counts are masked by width - 1. Divide or modulo by zero panics.
• There are no implicit numeric conversions. Mixing int, float, and decimal needs an explicit as.
• Float comparisons follow IEEE-754: a NaN operand makes ==, <, <=, >, >= false and != true.

See Numbers and decimal.

No operators for these

• No + on strings. Build strings with interpolation ("a {b} c"), std.fmt, or list.join(sep).
• No ++ / --. Use += 1 / -= 1.
• No ternary. Use if/match in value position (see Control flow).